Preparation and polymerization of isopimaric acid derivatives

Isopimaric acid is a typical rosin compound and can account for 30% of the total mass of slash pine rosin. The molecular structure of isopimaric acid derivatives features an unsaturated double bond at the C13 position, opening up the possibility of their industrial polymerization. In this study, isopimaric acid (95.4%), methyl isopimarate (99.5%), and allyl isopimarate (95.1%) were prepared as highly pure monomers. New experimental results are presented and mechanisms based on the investigation of free-radical polymerization under UV irradiation are proposed. New rosin monomers for potential value-added utilization of woody biomass are also identified. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47817.     

Crosslinked quaternized poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer membrane applied in an electric double-layer capacitor for high energy density

The low energy density of supercapacitors, especially supercapacitors based on aqueous electrolytes, is the main factor limiting their application, and the energy density is closely related to the operating potential window of the supercapacitor. The polymer electrolyte is the main contributor to the safe operation and good ion conductivity of the supercapacitor. In this study, a crosslinked quaternized poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) membrane was prepared via crosslinking during membrane formation with a thermal-only treatment and applied in an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The pre-prepared PAES membrane formed a polymer electrolyte with 1 mol/L Li₂SO₄ and was then fabricated into an EDLC single cell. The properties of both the membrane and ELDC were investigated. The preferred cPAES-N-0.2 polymer electrolyte showed an ionic conductivity of 1.18 mS/cm. The optimized EDLC exhibited a single-electrode gravimetric capacitance of 104.92 F/g at a current density of 1.0 A/g and a high operating potential window (1.5 V); it, thereby, achieved a high energy density of 8.20 W h/kg. The EDLC also exhibited excellent cycling properties over 3000 charge–discharge cycles. The crosslinked structures promoted the tensile strength and thermal stability of the PAES membranes; this was accompanied by a slight decrease in the ionic conductivity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47759.     

The Topology Sampling of H2SO4·NH3 with Meta-Dynamics Method

The configurations of molecular clusters have significant impacts on their growth into fine particles in atmosphere. In this paper, we explore the topology space of the structure of H2SO4·NH3 dimer with a novel sampling technique of meta-dynamics (MTD) method and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations are carried out at the temperatures of both 50 K and 242 K, which represent the typical high and low latitudes of troposphere. The results show that, compared with only traditional MD simulations, the structure samplings are significantly accelerated with MTD method. Therefore, more isomers of the dimer are discovered within the same simulation time scale. In addition, the results show that MTD is more efficient for circumstances with high temperature.     

转底炉烟气系统堵塞、腐蚀及防腐探索

烟气余热利用系统是转底炉生产工艺重要的组成部分，余热锅炉又是烟气余热利用系统的核心设备。对转底炉烟气特性进行了分析，重点介绍了某钢厂转底炉烟气余热利用系统工艺流程及工艺参数；对烟气余热利用系统堵塞、锅炉管腐蚀原因进行了分析，在实践基础上，提出了烟气余热利用系统防堵、防腐蚀的措施，并对余热锅炉防腐进行了有益探索。通过这些措施的实施，减轻了烟气余热利用系统的堵塞和腐蚀，并在转底炉实际生产中得到了验证,为解决转底炉烟气余热利用系统堵塞、腐蚀提供了有益的借鉴。     

长期护理保险政策对养老护理员队伍的影响及优化对策研究

通过对养老护理员队伍稳定性的调查研究,了解长护险制度对于养老机构护理员队伍离职意愿的影响,为提高护理员队伍稳定性、促进队伍良性发展提供长护险政策优化对策和建议。采用定性和定量相结合的调查研究办法,对上海养老机构和居家养老护理员进行问卷调查和个别访谈,采用SPSS23.0软件统计分析调查资料。结果显示,在长护险制度背景下养老机构护理员压力趋多、负担趋重、薪酬公平感降低,队伍稳定性受到极大影响,建议通过缩小养老机构和居家养老护理员之间的薪酬差距,建立居家养老护理员实地培训基地,注重护理员队伍的培育和素质提升问题,优化护理员考核评价标准等一系列措施,优化长期护理保险政策。     

接触疲劳试验机伺服电动缸加载系统设计

通过对比接触疲劳试验机杠杆砝码加载和液压加载的优缺点,发现这两种方法都已经不适合对轴承越来越高的试验要求。为了优化加载性能,采用伺服电动缸加载技术,对接触疲劳试验机加载系统机械结构和电气测控系统进行了重新设计。试验结果表明,伺服电动缸加载响应速度快、精度高、稳定性好,并且具有低噪音和节能环保等优点,为保证轴承质量打下了坚实的基础。     

基于龙格-库塔法自适应PID控制的太阳双轴跟踪系统

论述太阳光源双轴跟踪系统的工作原理,针对其控制系统中存在的时间滞后问题提出基于龙格-库塔法的自适应PID控制。并以基于直流电机的方位角传动机构为基础,建立方位角传动机构的数学模型,在MATLAB中进行仿真。仿真结果表明,基于龙格-库塔法的自适应PID控制系统响应速度快、稳定性高,具有较强的鲁棒性,能有效解决方位角传动系统中的时间滞后问题。     

柴油机喷油器结构参数与磨料流加工效果关联的研究

基于磨蚀模型和多相流离散相模型建立了柴油机喷油器磨料流加工过程的CFD计算模型。在验证基础模型的有效性后,分别针对喷孔直径、喷孔锥角和交点位置三种结构参数进行变参数模拟计算。通过对加工域颗粒流速、湍流强度和磨蚀率的分析,获得了喷油器主要结构参数对液力研磨加工的影响机理:喷孔直径和喷雾锥度的变化对喷孔壁面磨蚀量的影响较大,随着两者的增大,喷孔壁面的磨蚀量有所增加;交点位置由上至下的变化对喷孔壁面磨蚀量的影响较小,但是喷孔入口处磨蚀量有所增加。     

Surface modification of nanocrystalline cellulose and its application in natural rubber composites

As a biopolymer with high mechanical strength, nanocellulose was generally considered as a green filler for reinforcing polymer. In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) isolated from softwood pulp was successfully modified by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB), a cationic surfactant, and the modified nanocrystalline cellulose (m-NCC) was used to reinforce natural rubber (NR). In this composite architecture, it was found that when the filler content was 5 or 10 phr, the surface modification of NCC improved the dispersion state of NCC in NR matrix and the interfacial interaction between NR and NCC. Therefore, the NR/m-NCC composites exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, and its tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength was increased by 132.8, 20, and 66.1%, respectively, compared to pristine NR composites. Besides, the modified NCC could accelerate the vulcanization and improve wet-skid resistance and aging resistance of NR composites. It is envisioned that the modified NCC has the potential to be generalized to manufacturing other polymer matrix composites strengthened with nanocellulose.